When you are a tiny baby, the membrane of your iris, the colored part of your eyes, is all one piece like a thin circle of silk.
When your eyes grow, the membrane doesn’t so it tears. What you see as being like the ribs of a mushroom is the torn fabric of your iris and the stuff underneath showing through.
ETA: I looked it up and that stuff that makes up the iris is called stroma, it’s bundles of fibers and nerves. Someone at a scientific talk mentioned about the tearing thing but I can’t find it confirmed anywhere, I’ll have to find a friend’s baby and see if it’s eyes don’t look all mushroomy.
I think the iris looks that way because it is made of muscle. The black bit (the pupil) in the middle is a hole, and the iris has to close and open the hole depending on how bright it is. If you shine a light into your eye the pupil contracts (the hole gets smaller) because it doesn’t want to let too much light in.
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