Wow, thats a good question. I know that the science of colour is called chromatics and that its to do with the different wavelengths of light. Apart from that I would be guessing and just telling you what I had read on the colour wikipedia page. I recommend having a look there!
We see different colours according to the wavelength of the light that enters our eyes.
Normal daylight is ‘white’ which means it is a mixture of lots of different wavelengths (with paint when you mix colours you get brown, but with light you get white).
When daylight hits an object some of it is reflected and some of it is absorbed. If an object appears red, it is because the blue and green bits of light were absorbed and the red reflected.
If an object has certain properties that make it absorb all wavelengths of light, it appears black.
OK so visable light is made up of waves of lots of frequencies. Our eyes are able to measure these different frequencies and as our brain can measure these we perceive each of these frequencies differently – ie: different colours!
Some people have problems telling the difference between different frequencies and so are colour blind.
So light is waves of different frequencies – ie colours
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